Mencius Views on Human Nature free essay sample

He was accepted to have comparative view to the rationalist Confucius, and he had a solid view on human instinct. Mencius accepted that human instinct was characteristically kind. Mencius accepted that individuals had four ethics that drove their considerations and activities. Mencius is cited to state, â€Å"Therefore, it tends to be proposed that without a psyche of sympathizing isn't human, that an individual without a brain of humiliation isn't human, that an individual without a brain of placation isn't human, and that an individual without a psyche of acumen isn't human. The brain of empathizing is the main thrust of kindness. The psyche of humiliation is the main impetus of honorableness. The brain of appeasement is the main impetus of legitimacy. The brain of acumen is the main thrust of intelligence. An individual has these four main impetuses, simply equivalent to he has four appendages. † (Mencius, Book VI) These four ethics were applied to all men. We will compose a custom article test on Mencius Views on Human Nature or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Which showed that Mencius thought no man was conceived having an inalienably awful human instinct. This can be sponsored up when Mencius converses with Kao Tzu about human instinct. Kao Tzu felt that people resembled â€Å"whirling water,† that they don't show any inclination for good nor for awful, similarly as spinning water doesn't. Mencius states that, â€Å"water doesn't show any inclination for either east or west, yet does it demonstrate a similar lack of interest to high and low? Human instinct is acceptable similarly as water looks for low ground. There is no man who isn't acceptable; there is no water that doesn't stream descending. † (Mencius, Book IV) From these two models we can see that Mencius could without much of a stretch be called a fanatic on his perspective on characteristically great human instinct. Another perspective on Mencius is that exemplary nature is inner instead of outside. This can be contrasted with the perspectives on Confucius on Filial Piety. In book six, segment five, Mencius asks Kao Tzu, â€Å"Which do you regard, your uncle or your more youthful sibling? He will say, â€Å"My uncle. † â€Å"When your more youthful sibling is mimicking a precursor at a penance, at that point which do you regard? † He will say, â€Å"My more youthful sibling. † You ask him, â€Å"What has happened to your regard for your uncle? † He will say, â€Å"It is a direct result of the position my more youthful sibling possesses. † Confucius would concur and differ with Mencius’ see. Confucius would put more accentuation on the way that his uncle overshadows his more youthful sibling, however he would likewise concur that the elder’s regard normally precedes the more youthful. The logician Xunzi would especially differ with Mencius. Xunzi accepts that human instinct is characteristically terrible. He can't help contradicting Mencius conviction that since people learn they are acceptable. He thinks Mencius never comprehended human instinct and never went to the acknowledgment that human instinct contrasts from cognizant activities. Xunzi’s see is that nature is given by paradise and can't be scholarly, and that cognizant action can be educated. He demonstrates this by saying when a man is eager he will eat, however in the event that he is in nearness of his senior he will stand by to eat until his senior had eaten. The man eating when he is ravenous is proof that human instinct does what should be done and isn't instructed, yet when the man holds on to eat until his senior has eaten (a decent demonstration), that is cognizant action and it is educated. Hence, in the perspective on human instinct Mencius and Xunzi contrast without question. I can't help contradicting Mencius’ see on human instinct. Having known about and seen the many negative activities of people I accept that human instinct is inalienably terrible. Thusly, I have an inclination more towards Xunzi’s see.

Rwandan and Guatemalan Genocide Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Rwandan and Guatemalan Genocide - Term Paper Example As the meaning of political self and political others has diverse undertone in various ages. (Mamdani, 2002). Mamdani is of the view that destruction must be comprehended 'inside the rationale of expansionism.' Since the imperialism created two kinds of driving forces of massacre: the decimation of locals by the colonialists [settlers] and second was the motivation of locals to get rid of the pioneers. Be that as it may, the savagery of locals was not taken as destruction for everything was defended by the use of self preservation. Concerning Fanon the savagery of the locals planned to end the viciousness of the usurpers [the colonialists] and such brutality developed the seed of another humanism. Rwanda is the littlest nation in Central Africa; involving populace of 7 million individuals. There exist two principle ethnic gatherings in the nation; the Hutu (80-90%) and Tutsis (10-15%). During the pioneer control of Belgium the Tutsis were the decision first class commanding the Hutu proletariat. After the autonomy of Rwanda in 1962 the Hutu lion's share assumed control over the force. The new decision first class began abusing the Tutsis driving them to escape and therefore, 200,000 Tutsis fled to the neighboring nations. The Tutsis in reprisal framed the Rwanda Patriotic Front which prevailing with regards to constraining the Hutu president in 1990to yield to the force sharing understanding. (seehttp://www.historyplace.com/worldhistory/massacre/rwanda.htm) The ethnic pressure in Rwanda was uplifted in 1993 after the death of Melchior Ndadaye, the main choose Hutu leader of neighboring Burundi. 25000 harmony keeping troops of the United Nations were dispatched to deal with the 'delicate truce' between the Tutsis rebels and the Hutu government. As the Hutu were hesitant to share power with.Tutsis and needed obliteration of the adversary clan. In April 1994, Rwanda president Habyalimana and the new leader of Burundi Cyprien Ntaryamira had a few harmony gatherings with Tutsi rebels. On April 6 when the two presidents were originating from Tanzania were murdered on the Kigali air terminal by gunning down their arrangement. This episode fanned the political brutality in Rwanda as the Hutu began slaughtering their adversaries even the conservatives Hutus were not saved. The Study of the Genocide in Rwanda: Mamdani(2002) has the view that massacre must be comprehended inside the rationale of expansionism. A couple of lines distributed In the article The Genocide in twentieth Century , on the site The History Place may assist us with focusing our investigation on the abovementioned

The Role Genetics Play in Alcoholism

The Role Genetics Play in Alcoholism Addiction Alcohol Use Print The Role of Genetics in Alcoholism By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on September 27, 2019 Dylan M Howell Photography / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Alcoholism seems to run in some families. Is there any scientific evidence that your genes may predispose you to become an alcoholic if your parents or grandparents are? While many studies have been done and experts agree that there is a hereditary connection, genetics is not the only factor and we dont quite know the full impact it has on alcoholism. Is Alcoholism Hereditary? There is a growing body of scientific evidence that alcoholism has a genetic component.?? The actual gene that may cause it has yet to be identified. Likewise, studies of laboratory animals as well as human test subjects indicate that genetic factors play a major role in the development of alcoholism. Just how big of a factor that is, remains undetermined as well. According to the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, children of alcoholics are four times more likely than other children to become alcoholics.?? Yet, environmental factors could be a factor in many of those cases as well. Alcoholisms Genetic Component Family, twin, and adoption studies have shown that alcoholism definitely has a genetic component. In 1990, Blum et al. proposed an association between the A1 allele of the DRD2 gene and alcoholism. The DRD2 gene was the first candidate gene that showed promise of an association with alcoholism.?? A study in Sweden followed alcohol use in twins who were adopted as children and reared apart. The incidence of alcoholism was slightly higher among people who were exposed to alcoholism only through their adoptive families. However, it was dramatically higher among the twins whose biological fathers were alcoholics, regardless of the presence of alcoholism in their adoptive families.?? Subsequent genetic studies have attempted to pinpoint the exact genes associated with alcoholism, but none have produced conclusive results.    A number of genes have been identified that play a factor in the risky behaviors associated with alcohol abuse or dependence as well.?? Some are directly related and others have only an indirect influence. Fruit Fly Similarities Researchers at the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF) are using fruit flies to find the genetic causes of alcoholism. According to scientists, drunken drosophila fruit flies behave the same way humans do when they are drunk. In addition, a fruit flys resistance to alcohol appears to be controlled by the same molecular mechanism as humans.?? Hugo Bellen, a geneticist at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas, said the study lays the foundation for a genetic approach to dissecting the acute, and possibly the chronic, effects of alcohol in people. Genetically Sensitivities to Alcohol In another study, scientists selectively bred two strains of mice: those that are not genetically sensitive to alcohol, and those that are acutely genetically sensitive to it. The two strains show markedly different behavior when exposed to identical amounts of alcohol. The sensitive mice tend to lose their inhibitions and pass out rather quickly, earning them the nickname long sleepers. Short sleepers are mice that are genetically less sensitive to alcohol. They seem to lose fewer inhibitions and tolerate the alcohol for longer before they pass out.?? Alcohol Abuse Is Influenced by Environmental and Genetic Factors Alcohol consumption is influenced by a combination of environmental and genetic factors, said Gene Erwin, Ph.D., professor of pharmaceutic sciences at the CU School of Pharmacy, This study indicated that genetic factors play more of a role, and were trying to understand the power of those genetic factors. If alcoholism can be traced to a particular gene or combination of genes, how can the information be used? These genes are for risk, not for destiny, stressed Dr. Enoch Gordis, director of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. He added that the research could help in identifying youngsters at risk of becoming alcoholics and could lead to early prevention efforts. What this means for family members of alcoholics is that you are not necessarily going to abuse alcohol yourself. However, your odds of developing a dependency are higher than others.  ?? Genes only make up about half your risk for alcoholism. Factors like your environment and your ability to handle situations that may trigger dependency are just as important.?? These are things that we can remain mindful of as we continue to develop an understanding of alcoholism on a personal basis.

A Comparison of the Dramatic Monologues of Porphyrias...

A Comparison of the Dramatic Monologues of Porphyrias Lover and My Last Duchess by Robert Browning Robert Browning (1812-89) was, with Alfred Lord Tennyson, one of the two most celebrated of Victorian poets. His father was a bank clerk, and Browning educated himself by reading in the family library. He published many verse dramas and dramatic monologues (poems, like My Last Duchess, in which a single character speaks to the reader), notably the collections Men and Women (1855) and Dramatis Personae (1864). His greatest success came in 1868 with The Ring and the Book - a verse narrative in twelve books, spoken by a range of different characters. In her lifetime his wife, Elizabeth Barrett Browning†¦show more content†¦He is very jealous of Porphyrias contacts. He wants her all to him self, the easiest way for him to get this is to kill her because then no one else can have her and she would have died being with him and no one else. The Duchess appears to be a very happy person, which finds joy in the tiniest things. We gain the impression that she is a well bread woman, who takes pride in her appearance. The duke is very proud of her appearance he describes all her beauty as he talks. The duke believes she is easily pleased too soon made glad and the pleasing her made not always be coming from him, this makes him very jealous. The first we hear about Porphyrias appearance is when she has just entered from being in the rain, the lover is describing every thing as it happened in great detail, about her hair and how it laid, etc. Porphyira worshiped her lover at that point and he wanted it to stay that way, he loved her too much for things to change, for her to find someone else to worship, he had to act at that time in order to keep her to him self. These poems are very powerful in the way they are putting across the love from the Duke and Porphyrias Lover, they are both very jealous even though they properly have no reason to be but they believe they do. Action must be taken to keep their lovers from anyone else, so they believe that they can do this byShow MoreRelatedCompare My Last Duchess And Porphyrias Lover1098 Words   |  5 PagesLove That Kills (Comparing and Contrasting of â€Å"My Last Duchess† and â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover†) While reading the poems â€Å"My Last Duchess† and â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† by Robert Browning, there is a large possibility that you may be left haunted by the words that were written on the paper. â€Å" This is not to say that he was blandly optimistic, as he is sometimes portrayed. He wrote fully about the world s cruelty and vice and was quite frank that he had himself had no divine revelation. Nevertheless, he resolvedRead MoreA Comparison of Porphyria’s Lover and My Last Duchess by Robert Browning1188 Words   |  5 PagesA Comparison of Porphyria’s Lover and My Last Duchess by Robert Browning The two poems ‘Porphyria’s lover’ and ‘my last duchess’ by Robert Browning shows a dramatic monologue. Dramatic monologue is a story that is told by one person; which means you only get one point of view; in the two poems they are based on the narrator’s crisis, his feelings and his way of thinking; and you have to believe it because that is the only view your going to encounter. In dramaticRead More Robert Browning and the Power of the Dramatic Monologue Form1432 Words   |  6 PagesRobert Browning and the Power of the Dramatic Monologue Form The dramatic monologue form, widely used by Victorian poets, allows the writer to engage more directly with his reader by placing him in the role of listener. Robert Browning utilised the form to a famously profound effect, creating a startling aspect to his poetry. In poems such as â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover,† and â€Å"My Last Duchess,† for example, Browning induces a feeling of intimacy by presenting the reader as the ‘confidant’ to theRead More Relationships Between Women and Men in Brownings Poems Essay2589 Words   |  11 PagesRelationships Between Women and Men in Brownings Poems Robert Browning is described as ‘a love poet who was acutely aware of how women and men can be separated by jealousy or the passing of time’. In studying his poetry, what did you notice about the relationships he explores? What is revealed about the time in which Browning was writing? The ‘Love Poet’ Robert Browning was born in London in 1812. In 1846 Browning married the poet Elizabeth Barrett and eloped with her to Italy. AfterRead MoreCompare and Contrast How the Main Protagonists Experience Being Outsiders Within Their Respective Societies.2198 Words   |  9 Pagesexplored by William Shakespeare in ‘Othello’, Emily Bronte in ‘Wuthering Heights’ and Robert Browning in his Dramatic Monologues. Shakespeare explores the theme of alienation through a character considered an outsider by the society in which he lives in. Similarly Emily Bronte explores Heathcliff and the obstacles he faces at Wuthering Heights. Browning’s Dramatic Monologues illustrate the minds of psychotic lovers who are all possessive and delusional. In all the three texts the outsiders are rejectedRead MoreEssay about Love in Poems2986 Words   |  12 PagesLove in Poems Robert Browning’s poem â€Å"My Last Duchess† is based on a real story about the fifth Duke of Ferrera in the Renaissance period. He married a 14-year-old named Lucrezia and then left her for a two-year period. She died at the age of 17. In this poem, the Duke is now looking for a second wife-to-be. Robert Browning is one of the greatest poets in the Victorian age. He writes romantic poems and he expresses love in this poem as obsessive. The poem’s rhyme scheme is a, a, b, b. ThisRead More Robert Browning Poems: My Last Duchess and Porphyrias Lover3774 Words   |  16 Pages Robert Browning is one of the most celebrated poets of the Victorian age. His two poems I am working from, My Last Duchess and Porphyrias Lover, are just samples of his eminent work. Browning wrote a range of monologues when living in Italy with his wife, Elizabeth Barret. Dramatic monologues are the basis of the essay. I will discuss whether (or not) each poem creates a character who reveals himself in what he has to say. My Last Duchess is a monologue spokenRead MoreShakespeare s Sonnet 116, La Belle Dame Sans Merci, My Last Duchess And Three Others?2245 Words   |  9 PagesHow is love presented/explored in the poems Sonnet 116, La Belle Dame Sans Merci, My Last Duchess and three others? (Intro) Love is a constant theme explored in English Literature and can be presented through a variety of connotations, such as romantic, sexual and possessive. The poems Sonnet 116, La Belle Dame Sans Merci and My Last Duchess all portray these notions. Sonnet 116 presents a real, romantic and everlasting love, as the poem explores the meaning of love in its most ideal form. This isRead MoreEssay on A Comparison Between My Last Duchess and Porphyrias Lover2909 Words   |  12 PagesA Comparison Between My Last Duchess and Porphyrias Lover Works Cited Missing Robert Browning was one of the greatest poets of the nineteenth century and is still considered one of the major poets of the Victorian era. He was born in 1812 and married the privately educated poet, Elizabeth Browning, in 1846. They eloped to Florence, Italy, where his wife gaveRead MoreEssay on Pre 1914 Love Poetry from the Victorian and Elizabethan Era3579 Words   |  15 Pagesmanaging the family finances. The male population at this point in time ignorantly viewed women as coy, innocent characters, seemingly unaware that women had the same feelings and emotions as themselves. At the time in which poets like Robert Browning lived, the majority of marriages were arranged. Property and power were two main factors which influenced negotiations for marriage between the two families of the bride and groom. As the bride was unable to provide land, she was expected

Essay on The History of Photography - 1698 Words

The History of Photography The name Photography comes from the Greek words for light and writing. Sir John Herschel, was the first to use the term photography in 1839, when he managed to fix images using hyposulphite of soda. He described photography as The application of the chemical rays to the purpose of pictorial representation. Herschel also coined the terms negative, positive and snapshot. But a man called de la Roche (1729 - 1774), wrote Giphantie and in this imaginary tale, it was possible to capture images from nature, on a canvas which had been coated with a sticky substance and this would produce a mirror image on the sticky canvas, that fixed after it had been dried in the dark. There are two distinct†¦show more content†¦The earliest record of the uses of a camera obscura can be found in the writings and drawings of Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519). At about the same period Daniel Barbaro, a Venetian, recommended the camera as an aid to drawing. He wrote: Close all shutters and doors until no light enters the camera except through the lens, and opposite hold a piece of paper, which you move forward and backward until the scene appears in the sharpest detail. There on the paper you will see the whole view as it really is, with its distances, its colours and shadows and motion, the clouds, the water twinkling, the birds flying. By holding the paper steady you can trace the whole perspective with a pen, shade it and delicately colour it from nature. In the mid sixteenth century Giovanni Battista della Porta (1538-1615) made a huge camera in which he seated his guests, having arranged a group of actors to perform outside so that the visitors could watch the images on the wall. But the sight of upside down performing images was too much for the visitors and they panicked and fled, and Battista was brought to court on a charge of sorcery! It is likely that many artists will have used a camera obscura to aid them in drawing, but because of the stories of the occult, or because they felt it was cheating in some way not many people would admit to using one. In 1764, the lens was being developed. The name lens comes fromShow MoreRelatedThe History Of Photography798 Words   |  4 Pageswe remain a society that is captivated by oddities and death. This is especially true in the area of creepy vintage photography. Genuine shots showcasing historic, surreal portrayals engross us because so few pictures were taken years ago, compared to today, when, according the the non-profit Rawhide, 1,000 selfies are posted to Instagram every second. Disturbing digital photography may or may not be altered. However, when we view a disconcerting vintage depiction, knowing it is authentic, a pressingRead MoreThe History Of Photography1532 Words   |  7 PagesMexican arts and photographers: Guillermo Soto Curiel, Ruben Ortiz Torres, Consuelo y Marisa and Graciela Iturbide. The exhibition was one of a collection of Mexican photographers of the twentieth century and the permeant exhibition of the history of photography. As well as the current exhibition of Mundos Alternos an Art and science fiction in the Americas. There are four photographs by Guillermo Soto Curiel, Manuel Carrilo, Graciela Iturbide, and Ruben Ortiz Torres. The first photograph is RitmoRead MoreHistory of Photography Essay822 Words   |  4 PagesThe History of, and Impact of, Photography on our World Photography is a process frequently used in areas of media, art, and science as well as practical everyday use. It is used to inform society of different issues, used to document a wide range of things and is used to capture everyday memories for the years to come. It is used everywhere in todays society and through technology has advanced tremendously since its beginnings. The earliest cameras were simple devices that did not captureRead MoreEssay on History of Photography648 Words   |  3 PagesHe called it a Heliograph (sun drawing). It took eight hours to expose. Photography, however, did not really begin until 1839 when the world heard about something startling. Louis Daguerre had invented a way to permanently reproduce a fleeting image on a metal plate. It took 30 minutes to expose, not eight hours. The advent of this technology resulted in a new language that everyone understood. The language was photography, through which we could recall a moment frozen in time and could share itRead MoreEssay about History of Photography1254 Words   |  6 PagesSince its inception, photography has been used to capture moments in time all around the world. This wonderful technology has existed since ancient times, and has only improved in recent history, changing society in the process. While we think of photography as a fairly modern invention, that is simply not true. In fact, there are documents on the underlying principle behind photography dating back to as early as the Fifth Century, B.C. The first recorded instance of a photographic image was foundRead MoreHistory of Photography: Annotated Bibliography1047 Words   |  4 PagesAnnotated Bibliography on the History of Photography Baker, George. Photographys Expanded Field. October, Vol. 114, 120 140, 2005 This piece describes the current manifestations of photography are. This piece calls photographys expanded space, the screen. Photographys expanded space is the screen for a few reasons. One of which is that a great deal of the media of choice consumed in vast quantities around the world come photography. Cinema is a direct descendant photography, as it is a series ofRead MoreThe History of Photography: The Inmortal Story Essay714 Words   |  3 PagesThere is only one way to make people immortal. Photography is the process in which one writes with light. Photographs are permanent images of people or things. Photography wasnt always as easy as a click of a button and there you go. It took an immense amount of work to get to the modern day camera. Photography started from experiments made by people to create new ways to communicate through creating permanency in photographs, making prints of photographs and advancing to the modern day camera.Read MorePhotography: The History and Eve ryday Use Essay1893 Words   |  8 Pagestouring to Egypt, China, or Peru; if you cannot find it at your own door, you will never find it.† - Ralph Waldo Emerson . Although many might think that it is a waste of time and money, photography is a great hobby that people should try. However, even if someone has different opinions, they must consider that photography is steadily on its way to becoming a worldwide everyday use, and is already part of the American culture. Who has contributed to the making of the modern camera in earlier times? InRead MorePhotography And The Carnegie Museum Of Natural History1218 Words   |  5 Pagesfind out how photography and sociology can relate more to each other and what types of articles there are on the library website that I can read to get more of and understanding for how sociology and photography go hand in hand with each other. Therefore, obviously, the main topic is Sociology in Photography and how to build solidarity with subjects and the audience. I also found this to be an interesting topic because just last night I went to the Carnegie Museum of Natural History where I got toRead MoreThe History Of Photography : The Great Mayan City Of Tikal988 Words   |  4 PagesTHE HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY The world has been made unforgettable with the creation of photography. As mankind rapidly evolved recording events became harder. Early history is only able to be pictured with using our imagination. Often times historians often clash about what the world looked like. Ancient civilizations from the Mayans and Aztecs have never been seen while they were in their pristine condition. The world is left with written descriptions and ruins not only of the cities themselves

Repair scheme for the damaged hull Free Essays

The repair scheme for the damaged hull can be processed according the following repair flow chart; Damage Assessment The damaged sandwich panel consists of two high strength GRP skin and skins separated by a low density, lower strength foam core. The cross section of hull in the damaged area is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 – Cross Section of Damaged Hull Such structures can be subjected to three damage scenarios. We will write a custom essay sample on Repair scheme for the damaged hull or any similar topic only for you Order Now The damage can be limited to one skin (Type A), to one skin and the core (Type B), or to both skins and the core (Type C). Type A damage generally involves matrix cracking, fiber breakage and delaminations in the skin. The damage may or may not extend through the full thickness of the skin. Type A damage can also include debonding of the skin from the core. Type B damage involves Type A damage to one skin combined with crushing or shear cracking of the core. Type C damage involves the same damage mechanisms as Type B except both skins are affected. Type C damage can fully penetrate the sandwich structure [1]. Assuming the hole approximately 150mm in diameter is a though hole and damaged both skins and foam core, we have Type C damage. So we need to repair this damage according to Type C repair scenario. Since access can be gained from both sides, The repair of Type C damage could be done. Repair Type Decision Repair approaches are divided into non-patch, usually fo minor defects, and patch, usually for major defects. Patch repairs are also divided into – Bonded External Patch Repairs External patches can be employed to repair laminates and skins of honeycomb panels of thickness up to about 2mm composites. The main problem with external patches is that, as in a single-lap joint, there is an eccentric load path that results in bending in the patch and peeling stresses in the adhesive and composite. – Bonded Scarf or Flush Repairs Scarf repairs are employed to repair thicker section material than is possible with external repairs and also where the repair must show minimum protrusion above the original surface. The main advantages of scarf joints are the uniform shear-stress distribution in the adhesive, and, due to lack of eccentricity in the load path, the low peel stress. – Bolted External Patch Repairs Bolted patches are generally employed for field repair of thick laminates where the shear stress requirements exceed the capability of adhesives for external patch repairs and where the complexity of repair implementation and material removal requirements. Moisture problems also limit field applications of bonded repairs in thick composites. Bolted repairs are well suited to the repair of battle damage since they are easy to apply by unskilled personnel and require minimum facilities. [2] Both bonded and bolted repair methods could be applied to repair marine sandwich structures. Bonded repairs were considered to be lighter in weight and distribute the load more evenly over a wider area. However, they require careful surface preparation, are difficult to inspect and are more difficult to perform correctly. Bolted repairs are more easily carried out and require minimal surface preparation. However, they add bulk and weight and require holes to be drilled through the structure which can introduce further damage and create stress concentrations. Additionally, bolted repairs are more difficult to implement on sandwich structures and need to be water-tight [3]. Since the yacht has been rammed well above the water line, it could continue its operation with small leakages. So repair could be done in facilities. Also since it has been rammed there is no stress cracking due to design considerations. Same section could be performed; shear stress requirements do not exceed the capability of adhesives. According to these considerations, bonded scarf repair would be more applicable. Permanent Composite Structure Repair For all bonded repairs, removal of all damaged material starting at the centre of the damaged region and surface preparation is of vital importance. Damage to sandwich structures often involves damage to the core material. The damaged core can be filled either with a foaming adhesive, a laminate or a new core section bonded in place. The latter method is usually adopted as it best restores the properties of the sandwich structure. The approved general guidelines for laminate and sandwich repairs should be followed. These repair operations should be carried out in a workshop areas to ensure high quality repairs. The repair of Type C damage to GRP/foam sandwich structures requires the replacement of both skins and the core. The repair procedure for Type C damage is shown in Figure and described following [4]; 1. Remove damaged material. a) Remove the damaged skins, working from the centre of the damaged region on both sides outwards until sound material is encountered. b) Remove the exposed damaged core. 2. Taper sand a) Prepare the foam core b) Sand the edges of both skins to a taper per layer providing a scarf angle 3. Install the replacement foam. a) Use a paste adhesive designed to bond foam. However, instead of using vacuum, the adhesive was injected into the bondline using a caulking gun. b) Use a backing plate where required. c) Use the appropriate grade of foam. d) Use the minimum amount of adhesive. 4. Replace the skins. a) Use the same number of layers as the original skin. b) Apply one extra layer of GRP. 5. Replace the skins on other side. a) Use the same number of layers as the original skin. b) Apply one extra layer of GRP. Quality Check / NDT For comprehensive inspection of repaired part, Non Destructive Test (NDT) can ve used. The inspector should examine the quality of the repaired area and particular attention should be given to the interface between the original part and the repaired area. Usual inspection methods use some form of ultrasonic test equipment where the reflection of the ultrasonic sound waves detect and identify any damaged areas or faults [4]. How to cite Repair scheme for the damaged hull, Papers

Rho Independent and Dependent Factors free essay sample

What is the biological significance of having two different types of terminators in transcription? Transcription in prokaryotes is terminated by factors called rho-dependent and rho-independent terminators; Rho is a ring-shaped protein and is the main factor required for termination (Leland, 2010). The rho-dependent and rho-independent terminators play a major role in the separation of an RNA transcript from the DNA template which signifies the end of transcription. However, the exact process is not completely understood yet. The rho-independent terminator is typically encoded in the genome and is positioned downstream from the stop codon. There is definitely a difference in structure between the two terminators; rho-independent terminators contain an inverted and repeated sequence which is able to form a hairpin structure and I will discuss the structure of a rho-dependent terminator shortly. The sequence within the loop in the rho-independent terminator is partly species specific.For example, the hairpin loops in E. Coli may contain the sequence GAAA or TTCG while the sequence in other species like B. We will write a custom essay sample on Rho Independent and Dependent Factors or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page subtilis may be TTT or AAAA to name a few. This may deduce one reason why we have two different terminators in transcriptions; in order to account for the magnitude of the number of species on Earth, especially in the prokaryote section. On the other hand, rho-dependent terminators were first learned about in bacteriophage genomes and are widespread in the bacteria species.The mechanism for the rho-independent terminator to end transcription occurs when the separation of the transcriptional elongation complex is more beneficial than continuing, largely due to the increasing instability (Ciampi, 2006). These types of terminators can be found at the ends of genes and they play a significant role in controlling gene expression. For example, there exists a rho-dependent terminator that is involved in the expression of the damaging tryptophanase (tna) operon of E.Coli and it can be found between the tna operons. It inhibits the expression of the operon when tryptophan is unobtainable, and it stops termination when it is available . So as we can see, there is a great need for nature to provide two types of terminators, as each has a role that can greatly contribute to the field of genetics. Scientific Sources Ciampi, Sofia. â€Å"Rho-dependent terminators and transcription termination†. MicroBiology. September 2006. Leland, Taylor. â€Å"The Terminator†. BioInformatics. 2010.